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- 1787 COPPER New York, Nova Eborac, Small Head, Seated Figure Faces Left VF35 NGC. Breen-988, W-5765, High R.6. Although die punches link the Nova Eborac coppers with the famous Brasher doubloons, the Excelsior coppers, and John Bailey's 1788-dated New Jersey (Nova Caesarea) "Running Horse" coppers, it is uncertain how closely Ephraim Brasher and Bailey worked together. They lived about two blocks apart on Queen Street in New York according to the 1787 city directory, Brasher at number 77 and Bailey at number 22. Bowers writes in the Encyclopedia of Colonial and Early American Coins that "it seems likely that John Bailey and Ephraim Brasher operated a minting shop in New York City and produced these [Nova Eborac] and possibly other issues." With the present offering of the Newman Collection Small Head example certified VF35 NGC, we note that the Nova Eborac coppers constitute all four known types. This is unremarkable in the context of the Newman Collection, but for most Colonial specialists it would be considered a noteworthy accomplishment to assemble a complete set of all four types in astonishingly high grades. The very rare Small Head variety is easily distinguished not only by the smaller head size of the laureate bust on the obverse, but also because of the presence of an obvious six-pointed star above the head -- a feature absent on the other three Nova Eborac types. Stars also appear before NOVA and after EBORAC, rather than the quatrefoils of the other types. Quatrefoils appear on the reverse. The engraving is noticeably cruder: Bowers posits that the Small Head variety may have been designed by the same hand as the 1787 "Muttonhead" Connecticut coppers. This piece is boldly struck and shows a good amount of detail remaining for the grade. The strike is noticeably off-center, with the denticles and rim quite heavy and thick at 6:30 to 12:30 on the obverse and 10 to 2 o'clock on the reverse, and weak to absent in the remaining areas around the rim. Ebony, reddish, and tan fields complement the lighter-brown high points. The rarity of this issue is such that we can find no recent trades. At PCGS, we can find no instances of Small Head certified coins . NGC's population report shows, besides this coin, only a single Very Fine example. A Very Good 8 uncertified Small Head sold in Stack's New York Americana sale in January 2011 for $4,313. Before that, we find the John J. Ford "Fine obverse/Very Fine reverse" example sold in May 2004, in which Michael Hodder enumerated a census of 10 other specimens, including two in institutional holdings (the Newman coin was among those). Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $52,875.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1787 COPPER New York, Nova Eborac, Seated Figure Faces Right XF45 NGC. Breen-987, W-5760, R.4. The Nova Eborac coppers are ranked scarce overall, and the Breen-987, W-5760 Seated Figure Faces Right variety is rated very scarce or R.4, somewhat more elusive than the Seated Figure Faces Left variety but still obtainable. The Medium Head Nova Eboracs are the only types readily obtainable, as the Small Head and Large Head variants are both very rare. The 1787 Nova Eboracs appeared to help fill the void in New York coinage that existed from the variety of substandard types in contemporary circulation. The Irish halfpennies with a harp and British halfpence bearing the effigy of George II were often defaced and worn slick from circulation; the British monarchy under George III, who assumed the throne in 1760, resisted the necessity to coin copper bearing his likeness until 1797, as the pieces were considered "ignoble." This gave rise to the various Conder tokens, Birmingham coppers, evasion tokens, and Tory coppers that served as substitutes. Will Nipper writes in his underrated reference, In Yankee Doodle's Pocket: The Myth, Magic and Politics of Money in Early America: {blockquote}"In the absence of specie [gold and silver], the most widely used coin form in eighteenth century America, by a significant margin, was the British halfpenny. Farthings circulated in the colonies as well, but to a lesser extent. Ironically, as many as two-thirds of the coppers in America actually may have been counterfeits. This is evidenced by American non-collector accumulations that contain large proportions of them. Moreover, eighteenth century newspapers, American and British, routinely carried editorials lamenting the abundance of lightweight imitation coppers. For years the commercial role of imitation coppers was underestimated, perhaps because the coins themselves attracted little attention. Today, however, counterfeit British coppers are among the hottest topics in early American numismatics. Except for a few halfpence that are linked to unauthorized Confederation era American mints, no absolute place of origin ever has been established for the various groups of imitations."{/blockquote} It was into this maelstrom of counterfeit copper coinage that the 1787 Nova Eborac coppers appeared. Rather than depicting George II or George III with a fictitious date, or surrounding a vaguely regal bust with a deceptive legend, the Nova Eborac coppers encircled the same monarchical, laurel-wreathed portraits with the legend NOVA EBORAC (New York) on the obverse. And rather than Britannia on the reverse bearing a shield, the simple addition of a cap atop the pole she bore turned the seated goddess into a decent representation of Liberty -- or perhaps Virtue. The legend VIRT. ET. LIB. seems to allow for either possibility, and the general fabric of the coins not only imitates British halfpence, but some Connecticut and Vermont coppers as well. Although there is no certain documentation, the letter punches used on these coins were identical to those used on the Brasher doubloons, tying Ephraim Brasher, and likely John Bailey, to these and related issues. This piece is a nice Choice XF example with medium chocolate-brown surfaces that show scattered tan-colored accents and a bit of charcoal patina at LIB on the reverse. The glossy surfaces retain some evidence of the original mint luster. This piece shows the usually seen late state of the reverse die, displaying a triangular break from the right quatrefoil to the seated figure's right foot. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $4,112.50. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1787 COPPER New York, Nova Eborac, Seated Figure Faces Right XF45 NGC. Breen-987, W-5760, R.4. The Nova Eborac coppers are ranked scarce overall, and the Breen-987, W-5760 Seated Figure Faces Right variety is rated very scarce or R.4, somewhat more elusive than the Seated Figure Faces Left variety but still obtainable. The Medium Head Nova Eboracs are the only types readily obtainable, as the Small Head and Large Head variants are both very rare. The 1787 Nova Eboracs appeared to help fill the void in New York coinage that existed from the variety of substandard types in contemporary circulation. The Irish halfpennies with a harp and British halfpence bearing the effigy of George II were often defaced and worn slick from circulation; the British monarchy under George III, who assumed the throne in 1760, resisted the necessity to coin copper bearing his likeness until 1797, as the pieces were considered "ignoble." This gave rise to the various Conder tokens, Birmingham coppers, evasion tokens, and Tory coppers that served as substitutes. Will Nipper writes in his underrated reference, In Yankee Doodle's Pocket: The Myth, Magic and Politics of Money in Early America: {blockquote}"In the absence of specie [gold and silver], the most widely used coin form in eighteenth century America, by a significant margin, was the British halfpenny. Farthings circulated in the colonies as well, but to a lesser extent. Ironically, as many as two-thirds of the coppers in America actually may have been counterfeits. This is evidenced by American non-collector accumulations that contain large proportions of them. Moreover, eighteenth century newspapers, American and British, routinely carried editorials lamenting the abundance of lightweight imitation coppers. For years the commercial role of imitation coppers was underestimated, perhaps because the coins themselves attracted little attention. Today, however, counterfeit British coppers are among the hottest topics in early American numismatics. Except for a few halfpence that are linked to unauthorized Confederation era American mints, no absolute place of origin ever has been established for the various groups of imitations."{/blockquote} It was into this maelstrom of counterfeit copper coinage that the 1787 Nova Eborac coppers appeared. Rather than depicting George II or George III with a fictitious date, or surrounding a vaguely regal bust with a deceptive legend, the Nova Eborac coppers encircled the same monarchical, laurel-wreathed portraits with the legend NOVA EBORAC (New York) on the obverse. And rather than Britannia on the reverse bearing a shield, the simple addition of a cap atop the pole she bore turned the seated goddess into a decent representation of Liberty -- or perhaps Virtue. The legend VIRT. ET. LIB. seems to allow for either possibility, and the general fabric of the coins not only imitates British halfpence, but some Connecticut and Vermont coppers as well. Although there is no certain documentation, the letter punches used on these coins were identical to those used on the Brasher doubloons, tying Ephraim Brasher, and likely John Bailey, to these and related issues. This piece is a nice Choice XF example with medium chocolate-brown surfaces that show scattered tan-colored accents and a bit of charcoal patina at LIB on the reverse. The glossy surfaces retain some evidence of the original mint luster. This piece shows the usually seen late state of the reverse die, displaying a triangular break from the right quatrefoil to the seated figure's right foot. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $4,112.50. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1787 COPPER New York, Nova Eborac, Normal Head, Seated Figure Faces Left MS64+ Red and Brown NGC. Breen-986, W-5755, R.3. As a coinage type, the four varieties are frequently encountered, and the present variety is seen nearly as frequently as the other three, combined. The rarity ratings that Q. David Bowers assigns to the four varieties in the Whitman Encyclopedia of Colonial and Early American Coins suggests a total population for all varieties of in the range of 400 to 800 coins, and 250 to 500 of those are examples of the W-5755 Medium Bust copper. All four varieties have a similar obverse with a bust facing right, NOVA at the left and EBORAC at the right, differing mainly in the size of the bust, although the rarest variety, the Small Bust, has stars in place of quatrefoils. The reverse of each has a seated figure with the legend VIRT ET LIB (Liberty and Virtue), differing in the direction of the seated figure, the spacing of the legend, and the punctuation. The present Medium Bust variety has three quatrefoils on the obverse, one quite close to the N(OVA), a second somewhat farther away from the (NOV)A but still close, the third close to the (EBORA)C. The reverse shows two quatrefoils, close to the V(IRT) and the (LI)B, respectively. Liberty's branch hand is in line with the bottom of the (VIR)T. The Whitman Encyclopedia of Colonial and Early American Coins notes that the "dies seem to be by the same hand as the 1788 Vermont Mailed Bust Right dies (W-2205)." The Breen-986, Whitman-5755 Normal Head, Seated Figure Faces Left style is the usually seen variety of Nova Eborac copper, but this piece from the Eric P. Newman Collection is a coin of remarkable quality and color for a Nova Eborac copper (or any other Colonial copper, for that matter). This MS64+ Red and Brown example is finer both in terms of color and grade than the finest at PCGS, which shows three submissions in MS62 Brown and four in MS63 Brown (4/14). At NGC, this piece is not only the sole finest Nova Eborac certified of any variety, it is also the only Red and Brown Nova Eborac that NGC has ever certified. The finest Brown Nova Eborac copper graded at NGC is a single MS62 Brown piece, also the Breen-986 variety. The MS64+ grade of this incredible coin is evinced by the noteworthy lack of any mentionable post-strike distractions. The date is lightly struck (a given on this die variety) but completely visible, unlike many examples where part of the date is off the planchet. The surfaces throughout both sides show medium tan-brown color complementing generous helpings of orange mint luster that outline the devices and illumine the interiors of most of the peripheral lettering. The strike is boldly impressed on the remainder of the devices, including the small details within Liberty's shield that are usually indistinguishable on circulated examples. This remarkable Nova Eborac, long under Eric P. Newman's careful stewardship, will be a magnificent addition to a colonial collector's cabinet. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $55,812.50. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1787 COPPER New York, Nova Eborac, Normal Head, Seated Figure Faces Left MS64+ Red and Brown NGC. Breen-986, W-5755, R.3. As a coinage type, the four varieties are frequently encountered, and the present variety is seen nearly as frequently as the other three, combined. The rarity ratings that Q. David Bowers assigns to the four varieties in the Whitman Encyclopedia of Colonial and Early American Coins suggests a total population for all varieties of in the range of 400 to 800 coins, and 250 to 500 of those are examples of the W-5755 Medium Bust copper. All four varieties have a similar obverse with a bust facing right, NOVA at the left and EBORAC at the right, differing mainly in the size of the bust, although the rarest variety, the Small Bust, has stars in place of quatrefoils. The reverse of each has a seated figure with the legend VIRT ET LIB (Liberty and Virtue), differing in the direction of the seated figure, the spacing of the legend, and the punctuation. The present Medium Bust variety has three quatrefoils on the obverse, one quite close to the N(OVA), a second somewhat farther away from the (NOV)A but still close, the third close to the (EBORA)C. The reverse shows two quatrefoils, close to the V(IRT) and the (LI)B, respectively. Liberty's branch hand is in line with the bottom of the (VIR)T. The Whitman Encyclopedia of Colonial and Early American Coins notes that the "dies seem to be by the same hand as the 1788 Vermont Mailed Bust Right dies (W-2205)." The Breen-986, Whitman-5755 Normal Head, Seated Figure Faces Left style is the usually seen variety of Nova Eborac copper, but this piece from the Eric P. Newman Collection is a coin of remarkable quality and color for a Nova Eborac copper (or any other Colonial copper, for that matter). This MS64+ Red and Brown example is finer both in terms of color and grade than the finest at PCGS, which shows three submissions in MS62 Brown and four in MS63 Brown (4/14). At NGC, this piece is not only the sole finest Nova Eborac certified of any variety, it is also the only Red and Brown Nova Eborac that NGC has ever certified. The finest Brown Nova Eborac copper graded at NGC is a single MS62 Brown piece, also the Breen-986 variety. The MS64+ grade of this incredible coin is evinced by the noteworthy lack of any mentionable post-strike distractions. The date is lightly struck (a given on this die variety) but completely visible, unlike many examples where part of the date is off the planchet. The surfaces throughout both sides show medium tan-brown color complementing generous helpings of orange mint luster that outline the devices and illumine the interiors of most of the peripheral lettering. The strike is boldly impressed on the remainder of the devices, including the small details within Liberty's shield that are usually indistinguishable on circulated examples. This remarkable Nova Eborac, long under Eric P. Newman's careful stewardship, will be a magnificent addition to a colonial collector's cabinet. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $55,812.50. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1787 COPPER New York, Nova Eborac, Large Head, Seated Figure Faces Left. XF40 NGC. Breen-985, W-5750, R.6. This is an example of the very rare Large Head, Seated Figure Facing Left style of Nova Eborac copper, one of the four types listed in the Guide Book and much rarer than the Normal Head or Medium Head (Breen-986, W-5755) Nova Eborac (New York) coppers. There are two quatrefoils preceding N(OVA), one distant behind the bust, the second close to the N; the single quatrefoil following (EBORA)C is fairly close. There is no quatrefoil after the N. Not only the large size of the portrait but also the prominent, aquiline nose distinguishes this variety. On the reverse, there is a quatrefoil close to the V(IRT) and one distant after (LI)B. The branch hand of the seated Liberty is close to the right side of the R in VIRT. The Newman Collection coin is far finer than most examples seen of this variety, which often appears with surface issues and/or in low grades. Most of the problem-free coins are no better than Fine to Very Fine. (The last example we offered, in our Long Beach Signature auction of September 2012, lot 3339, was graded XF Details but showed numerous types of surface damage.) There are, nonetheless, a handful of AU coins and one Mint State example known. This attractive, chocolate-brown example shows good eye appeal, with darker mahogany buildup around the device edges and peripheral legends. The bust shows a few tiny, unimportant pinpricks, and the planchet on the reverse shows a small flaw, as made, under the period between VIRT and ET. Much pleasing detail remains in the hair and laurel wreath on the obverse, as well as on the face, hair, and gown lines of Liberty on the reverse. This piece is in the typical die state seen, here missing portions of the O in NOVA and BOR and C in EBORAC. This piece appears to be the finest problem-free example of this variety we have offered since we began our Permanent Auction Archives in 1993. A VF30 PCGS example is second, a coin we offered in our Long Beach Signature (Heritage, 9/2005), lot 334, which brought $9,200. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $17,625.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1760 1/2P Hibernia-Voce Populi Halfpenny XF40 NGC. N. 15, Z. 3-A, W-1382X, R.4. Possibly produced as a speculative venture, Voce Populi tokens, which bear the inscription HIBERNIA (Ireland), circulated primarily in that country, though some pieces may have been found in the American colonies alongside other miscellaneous foreign coins. The similarity of the obverse legend, VOCE POPULI, to that seen on Georgivs Triumpho tokens dated 1783, VOCE POPOLI, is partly what caused the pieces to be adopted by American colonial collectors, according to Bowers. This piece displays deep chocolate-brown patina over glossy, problem-free surfaces. The legends are clear, and bold definition is seen on the central obverse. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $1,116.25. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1760 1/2P Hibernia-Voce Populi Halfpenny XF40 NGC. N. 15, Z. 3-A, W-1382X, R.4. Possibly produced as a speculative venture, Voce Populi tokens, which bear the inscription HIBERNIA (Ireland), circulated primarily in that country, though some pieces may have been found in the American colonies alongside other miscellaneous foreign coins. The similarity of the obverse legend, VOCE POPULI, to that seen on Georgivs Triumpho tokens dated 1783, VOCE POPOLI, is partly what caused the pieces to be adopted by American colonial collectors, according to Bowers. This piece displays deep chocolate-brown patina over glossy, problem-free surfaces. The legends are clear, and bold definition is seen on the central obverse. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $1,116.25. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1760 1/2P Hibernia-Voce Populi Halfpenny -- Scratches -- NGC Details. VF. N. 10, Z. 13-K, W-1382X, R.5. Types of the Voce Populi halfpence are known with short and long busts. Most long bust varieties exhibit a letter P on the obverse, either to the right or below the bust, the meaning of which is unknown. This is a rare long bust variety without the P, and exhibiting an unusually small 6 in the date. Strong detail is present on the obverse, with deep chocolate-brown patina over the glossy surfaces. NGC notes several old pin scratches in the central reverse, though they are not outwardly detracting to the unaided eye. This is a pleasing example of the rare variety. Ex: "Colonel" E.H.R. Green; Green Estate; Partnership of Eric P. Newman / B.G. Johnson d.b.a. St. Louis Stamp & Coin Co.; Eric P. Newman @ $1.00; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $411.25. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1760 1/2P Hibernia-Voce Populi Halfpenny -- Scratches -- NGC Details. VF. N. 10, Z. 13-K, W-1382X, R.5. Types of the Voce Populi halfpence are known with short and long busts. Most long bust varieties exhibit a letter P on the obverse, either to the right or below the bust, the meaning of which is unknown. This is a rare long bust variety without the P, and exhibiting an unusually small 6 in the date. Strong detail is present on the obverse, with deep chocolate-brown patina over the glossy surfaces. NGC notes several old pin scratches in the central reverse, though they are not outwardly detracting to the unaided eye. This is a pleasing example of the rare variety. Ex: "Colonel" E.H.R. Green; Green Estate; Partnership of Eric P. Newman / B.G. Johnson d.b.a. St. Louis Stamp & Coin Co.; Eric P. Newman @ $1.00; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $411.25. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
