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- 1737 COPPER Higley Copper, VALVE ME AS YOU PLEASE VG8 NGC. Unknown to Crosby, Freidus 2-B.a, W-8225, R.8. 156.1 grains. This remarkably rare Higley copper shows weakness of strike in the center of the obverse, but the figure of the deer is still discernible. The strike on the reverse shows more localized weakness with the third or right crowned hammer indistinct. The left portion of the reverse is remarkably strong in detail, suggesting misalignment of the reverse die at the time of striking. The surfaces are deep gray-brown in the fields with lighter, almost tan-brown color over the design elements. Several crisscrossing scratches are seen on the reverse, along with a planchet depression at 1 o'clock covering the first P in COPPER. Diagnostics are provided by Eric P. Newman on a typed paper that accompanies the coin: {blockquote}"Obv. VALVE instead of VALUE Each antler points to a leg of A Period after PLEASE Same obverse shown in Crosby VIII #20 "Rev. Wide date with lower right hammer over 3 of date. Period between date and hand much nearer circular line than edge. Same reverse shown in Crosby VIII #19, 21, 22 and is in Brand-Smith collection #25."{/blockquote} There are four obverse design types. Type 1 has the legend THE VALVE OF THREE PENCE; type 2 has the legend VALVE ME AS YOU PLEASE; type 3 has the legend VALUE ME AS YOU PLEASE; and type 4 has the legend THE WHEELE GOES ROUND. There are three known obverse dies of type 1 and type 3, and a single known obverse die of type 2 and type 4. Freidus identified three known examples of the type 2 obverse, two examples with reverse B.a and one with reverse B.b. In the Whitman Encyclopedia of Colonial and Early American Coins, Q. David Bowers mentions that three examples of Freidus 2-B.a are known, although details of the second and third pieces are not recorded. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society; purchased from Mr. Camuti in March 1965 for $800. Census of Type 2 Higley Coppers 1. 2-B.a VG8. Eric P. Newman Collection. The present coin. 2. 2-B.a Fine, porous. Krugjohann Collection (Bowers and Ruddy, 5/1976), lot 23; Roper Collection (Stack's, 12/1983), lot 150; anonymous collector. 3. 2-B.a. A piece mentioned in the Whitman Encyclopedia. 4. 2-B.b. Parmelee Collection (New York Coin and Stamp Co., 6/1890), lot 276; J.C. Mitchelson; Connecticut State Library. Realized $76,375.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1737 COPPER Higley Copper, VALVE ME AS YOU PLEASE VG8 NGC. Unknown to Crosby, Freidus 2-B.a, W-8225, R.8. 156.1 grains. This remarkably rare Higley copper shows weakness of strike in the center of the obverse, but the figure of the deer is still discernible. The strike on the reverse shows more localized weakness with the third or right crowned hammer indistinct. The left portion of the reverse is remarkably strong in detail, suggesting misalignment of the reverse die at the time of striking. The surfaces are deep gray-brown in the fields with lighter, almost tan-brown color over the design elements. Several crisscrossing scratches are seen on the reverse, along with a planchet depression at 1 o'clock covering the first P in COPPER. Diagnostics are provided by Eric P. Newman on a typed paper that accompanies the coin: {blockquote}"Obv. VALVE instead of VALUE Each antler points to a leg of A Period after PLEASE Same obverse shown in Crosby VIII #20 "Rev. Wide date with lower right hammer over 3 of date. Period between date and hand much nearer circular line than edge. Same reverse shown in Crosby VIII #19, 21, 22 and is in Brand-Smith collection #25."{/blockquote} There are four obverse design types. Type 1 has the legend THE VALVE OF THREE PENCE; type 2 has the legend VALVE ME AS YOU PLEASE; type 3 has the legend VALUE ME AS YOU PLEASE; and type 4 has the legend THE WHEELE GOES ROUND. There are three known obverse dies of type 1 and type 3, and a single known obverse die of type 2 and type 4. Freidus identified three known examples of the type 2 obverse, two examples with reverse B.a and one with reverse B.b. In the Whitman Encyclopedia of Colonial and Early American Coins, Q. David Bowers mentions that three examples of Freidus 2-B.a are known, although details of the second and third pieces are not recorded. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society; purchased from Mr. Camuti in March 1965 for $800. Census of Type 2 Higley Coppers 1. 2-B.a VG8. Eric P. Newman Collection. The present coin. 2. 2-B.a Fine, porous. Krugjohann Collection (Bowers and Ruddy, 5/1976), lot 23; Roper Collection (Stack's, 12/1983), lot 150; anonymous collector. 3. 2-B.a. A piece mentioned in the Whitman Encyclopedia. 4. 2-B.b. Parmelee Collection (New York Coin and Stamp Co., 6/1890), lot 276; J.C. Mitchelson; Connecticut State Library. Realized $76,375.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1737 COPPER Higley Copper, CONNECTICVT AU50 NGC. Crosby VIII-17, Freidus 1.1-A, W-8190, R.8. 145.2 grains. This remarkably high-grade Higley copper shows smooth, problem-free surfaces. Glossy brown overall, the peripheral devices are framed by dark russet. The strike details are uniformly strong over both sides, with all three hammers and crowns boldly defined. This is the finest Freidus 1.1-A, and is surely among the finest of all Higley varieties. The Simsbury, Connecticut medical doctor, Samuel Higley, owned 143 acres of land that included a copper mine in the vicinity of an area known as Copper Hill, a copper-producing region since the beginning of the 18th century. The area later became known as Granby, Connecticut, and though that name is often associated with these nearly-pure copper pieces, Granby was not established until 1786, 50 years later. A 2011 article at granby-eastgranby.patch.com identifies Higley's property as the present-day farm at 79 Holcomb Street, less than five miles due west of Bradley International Airport. Most of what we know today about the Higley coppers was recorded by Daniel Freidus in "The History and Die Varieties of the Higley Coppers" (The Token: America's Other Money, Coinage of the Americas Conference, New York: American Numismatic Society, 1995, Richard G. Doty, editor). Freidus identified an impressive array of 15 different die varieties produced in the late 1730s, from 1737 to 1739. Samuel Higley was born in 1687, shortly after his parents' 1684 arrival in Simsbury. He was the well-educated son of a wealthy merchant, and studied medicine with Samuel Mather and Thomas Hooker. In addition to his medical practice, Higley was an active blacksmith who was granted the exclusive right to make steel by the Connecticut General Court, and his knowledge of steel-making undoubtedly played a role in the production of these coins. There is no direct documentary evidence that proves Higley made these coppers. Freidus writes: {blockquote}"So why do we believe that these copper tokens are indeed the work of Samuel Higley? Basically, we have two lines of evidence. First, family lore. Not to be totally discounted, but neither should these legends be considered totally reliable. Second, his known ability as a steelmaker. While many people in Simsbury were skilled metalworkers, most would have been familiar only with copper or iron work. Striking coins required the ability to work with steel. The evidence points to Samuel Higley."{/blockquote} The first coins were dated 1737, and numismatic tradition suggests they were the work of Samuel Higley. It is believed that Higley died in May 1737 during a sea voyage to England to deliver a shipment of copper from his mine. His death leaves unanswered the maker of the later pieces dated 1739. The Higley copper series consists of 15 die combinations produced from eight obverse and five reverse dies. Freidus recorded an initial census of 63 surviving examples from all 15 die marriages, individually ranging from one to eight known coins for each variety. The design on this issue shows a deer on the obverse, and on the reverse three crowned hammers. Breen speculates the deer symbolized freedom, and the hammers represented malleability (then the only test for pure copper). It seems more likely to us that the hammers represent the method of manufacture from hammered dies. Significant evidence exists on the known coins that they were struck in this ancient manner by doubling on the legends, a common occurrence on hammered coins. This piece is easily identified by Daniel Freidus' attribution system: "The right end of the horizontal line beneath the deer is a useful diagnostic, being between 'N' and 'C' on 1.1 ... The left end of this line is at the edge of the letter 'H' on die 1.1 ... The position of the horns is another diagnostic. On die 1.1 the right horn points between 'O' and 'F' ..." The surfaces are smooth and problem-free on this remarkably high-grade Higley copper. Freidus identified just two examples of this variety, including the Eric P. Newman specimen and another, once part of the John Story Jenks Collection, that appeared in a 1987 Stack's auction with the grade of Fine. This is a most beautiful Higley copper, imbued with both charm and mystery. Ex: Sylvester S. Crosby (John W. Haseltine, 6/1883), lot 948; later, Waldo Newcomer, who paid $1,600.00; "Colonel" E.H.R. Green; Green Estate; Partnership of Eric P. Newman / B.G. Johnson d.b.a. St. Louis Stamp & Coin Co.; Eric P. Newman @ $850.00; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $470,000.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1737 COPPER Higley Copper, CONNECTICVT AU50 NGC. Crosby VIII-17, Freidus 1.1-A, W-8190, R.8. 145.2 grains. This remarkably high-grade Higley copper shows smooth, problem-free surfaces. Glossy brown overall, the peripheral devices are framed by dark russet. The strike details are uniformly strong over both sides, with all three hammers and crowns boldly defined. This is the finest Freidus 1.1-A, and is surely among the finest of all Higley varieties. The Simsbury, Connecticut medical doctor, Samuel Higley, owned 143 acres of land that included a copper mine in the vicinity of an area known as Copper Hill, a copper-producing region since the beginning of the 18th century. The area later became known as Granby, Connecticut, and though that name is often associated with these nearly-pure copper pieces, Granby was not established until 1786, 50 years later. A 2011 article at granby-eastgranby.patch.com identifies Higley's property as the present-day farm at 79 Holcomb Street, less than five miles due west of Bradley International Airport. Most of what we know today about the Higley coppers was recorded by Daniel Freidus in "The History and Die Varieties of the Higley Coppers" (The Token: America's Other Money, Coinage of the Americas Conference, New York: American Numismatic Society, 1995, Richard G. Doty, editor). Freidus identified an impressive array of 15 different die varieties produced in the late 1730s, from 1737 to 1739. Samuel Higley was born in 1687, shortly after his parents' 1684 arrival in Simsbury. He was the well-educated son of a wealthy merchant, and studied medicine with Samuel Mather and Thomas Hooker. In addition to his medical practice, Higley was an active blacksmith who was granted the exclusive right to make steel by the Connecticut General Court, and his knowledge of steel-making undoubtedly played a role in the production of these coins. There is no direct documentary evidence that proves Higley made these coppers. Freidus writes: {blockquote}"So why do we believe that these copper tokens are indeed the work of Samuel Higley? Basically, we have two lines of evidence. First, family lore. Not to be totally discounted, but neither should these legends be considered totally reliable. Second, his known ability as a steelmaker. While many people in Simsbury were skilled metalworkers, most would have been familiar only with copper or iron work. Striking coins required the ability to work with steel. The evidence points to Samuel Higley."{/blockquote} The first coins were dated 1737, and numismatic tradition suggests they were the work of Samuel Higley. It is believed that Higley died in May 1737 during a sea voyage to England to deliver a shipment of copper from his mine. His death leaves unanswered the maker of the later pieces dated 1739. The Higley copper series consists of 15 die combinations produced from eight obverse and five reverse dies. Freidus recorded an initial census of 63 surviving examples from all 15 die marriages, individually ranging from one to eight known coins for each variety. The design on this issue shows a deer on the obverse, and on the reverse three crowned hammers. Breen speculates the deer symbolized freedom, and the hammers represented malleability (then the only test for pure copper). It seems more likely to us that the hammers represent the method of manufacture from hammered dies. Significant evidence exists on the known coins that they were struck in this ancient manner by doubling on the legends, a common occurrence on hammered coins. This piece is easily identified by Daniel Freidus' attribution system: "The right end of the horizontal line beneath the deer is a useful diagnostic, being between 'N' and 'C' on 1.1 ... The left end of this line is at the edge of the letter 'H' on die 1.1 ... The position of the horns is another diagnostic. On die 1.1 the right horn points between 'O' and 'F' ..." The surfaces are smooth and problem-free on this remarkably high-grade Higley copper. Freidus identified just two examples of this variety, including the Eric P. Newman specimen and another, once part of the John Story Jenks Collection, that appeared in a 1987 Stack's auction with the grade of Fine. This is a most beautiful Higley copper, imbued with both charm and mystery. Ex: Sylvester S. Crosby (John W. Haseltine, 6/1883), lot 948; later, Waldo Newcomer, who paid $1,600.00; "Colonel" E.H.R. Green; Green Estate; Partnership of Eric P. Newman / B.G. Johnson d.b.a. St. Louis Stamp & Coin Co.; Eric P. Newman @ $850.00; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $470,000.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1724 1/2P Hibernia Halfpenny SP65 Brown NGC. M. 9.2-Nb.1, R.7. Date below. Martin identifies four obverse and six reverse pattern dies for Hibernia halfpence, for a total of eight pattern varieties, all of which are exceedingly rare. Martin's 9.2-Nb.1 pattern, here represented, is identified in part by a goiter-like bulge on the throat, and by the position of the second stop: just left of center between the I and G. On the reverse, the harp strings are even and parallel, with the front of Hibernia's face midway between the E and R. This reverse die is only used with obverse 9.2, though the obverse is also paired with reverse P.1, which portrays a scepter and trident motif, rather than the seated figure. This boldly struck piece is one of just four 1724 Hibernia halfpence patterns certified, and is the sole example at NGC (4/14). Subtle bluish accents complement glossy chocolate-brown patina on each side, delivering an exceptional level of eye appeal. Ex: Waldo Newcomer; "Colonel" E.H.R. Green; Green Estate; Partnership of Eric P. Newman / B.G. Johnson d.b.a. St. Louis Stamp & Coin Co.; Eric P. Newman @ $200.00; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $32,900.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1724 1/2P Hibernia Halfpenny SP65 Brown NGC. M. 9.2-Nb.1, R.7. Date below. Martin identifies four obverse and six reverse pattern dies for Hibernia halfpence, for a total of eight pattern varieties, all of which are exceedingly rare. Martin's 9.2-Nb.1 pattern, here represented, is identified in part by a goiter-like bulge on the throat, and by the position of the second stop: just left of center between the I and G. On the reverse, the harp strings are even and parallel, with the front of Hibernia's face midway between the E and R. This reverse die is only used with obverse 9.2, though the obverse is also paired with reverse P.1, which portrays a scepter and trident motif, rather than the seated figure. This boldly struck piece is one of just four 1724 Hibernia halfpence patterns certified, and is the sole example at NGC (4/14). Subtle bluish accents complement glossy chocolate-brown patina on each side, delivering an exceptional level of eye appeal. Ex: Waldo Newcomer; "Colonel" E.H.R. Green; Green Estate; Partnership of Eric P. Newman / B.G. Johnson d.b.a. St. Louis Stamp & Coin Co.; Eric P. Newman @ $200.00; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $32,900.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1724 1/2P Hibernia Halfpenny VF20 NGC. M. 8.3-L.2, R.6. This is a rare variety of the final-year Hibernia halfpenny issue, with 11 harp strings and only one dot (or stop) on the reverse, seen between HIBERNIA and the date. Martin lists six sub-varieties, of which this is one is rare. The surfaces of this representative show light, even wear, but are remarkably free of environmental impairments. Smooth, chocolate-brown patina blankets both sides, with moderate detail remaining on the devices. This is an exceptional, problem-free mid-grade example. Ex: "Colonel" E.H.R. Green; Green Estate; Partnership of Eric P. Newman / B.G. Johnson d.b.a. St. Louis Stamp & Coin Co.; Eric P. Newman @ $1.50; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $411.25. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1724 1/2P Hibernia Halfpenny AU53 NGC. M. 4.51-K.4, W-13690, R.2. Jonathan Swift, among others, asserted that William Wood's Hibernia coppers were produced without Irish consent, and were notably underweight, causing Wood to relinquish his coinage patent to King George I in 1725. The last of the Hibernia halfpence bear the date, 1724, and are significantly scarcer in all grades than the typically encountered 1723 issue. This well-struck piece represents the 11 harp strings, two reverse dots variant, for which Martin lists six sub-varieties. The surfaces display a smooth auburn patina, with intermingled orange-brown accents. Only slight wear is present on the high points of the design, with overall outstanding visual appeal. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized NOT SOLD. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1724 1/2P Hibernia Halfpenny VF20 NGC. M. 8.3-L.2, R.6. This is a rare variety of the final-year Hibernia halfpenny issue, with 11 harp strings and only one dot (or stop) on the reverse, seen between HIBERNIA and the date. Martin lists six sub-varieties, of which this is one is rare. The surfaces of this representative show light, even wear, but are remarkably free of environmental impairments. Smooth, chocolate-brown patina blankets both sides, with moderate detail remaining on the devices. This is an exceptional, problem-free mid-grade example. Ex: "Colonel" E.H.R. Green; Green Estate; Partnership of Eric P. Newman / B.G. Johnson d.b.a. St. Louis Stamp & Coin Co.; Eric P. Newman @ $1.50; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $411.25. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1724 1/2P Hibernia Halfpenny AU53 NGC. M. 4.51-K.4, W-13690, R.2. Jonathan Swift, among others, asserted that William Wood's Hibernia coppers were produced without Irish consent, and were notably underweight, causing Wood to relinquish his coinage patent to King George I in 1725. The last of the Hibernia halfpence bear the date, 1724, and are significantly scarcer in all grades than the typically encountered 1723 issue. This well-struck piece represents the 11 harp strings, two reverse dots variant, for which Martin lists six sub-varieties. The surfaces display a smooth auburn patina, with intermingled orange-brown accents. Only slight wear is present on the high points of the design, with overall outstanding visual appeal. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized NOT SOLD. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
