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- 1652 SHILNG Oak Tree Shilling MS64 NGC. Noe-1, W-430, Salmon 1-A, R.3. 71.4 grains. The Willow Tree design, used from approximately 1653 to 1660, gave way to the more simply styled Oak Tree design, minted from circa 1660 to 1667. The mighty oak tree is shown without leaves, possibly because the design was less complex for the engraver. Fewer doubling and related striking issues occurred with the new series. On this spectacular near-Gem example from the first issue of Oak Tree coinage, the legends on both sides begin at approximately 11 o'clock and the 2 in the date appears opposite the first N in ENGLAND, a diagnostic for this variety. Additional characteristics include the style of the obverse, with an elongated oval configuration at the center. As stated by Salmon, the reverse exhibits a "Superb large inscription, date, and denomination, which match the obverse inscription in quality and form, indicating a common engraver." Like many examples that have seen little or no circulation, this coin exhibits a center dot and guide line from the placement of the engraver's compass. This outstanding piece boasts nicely centered designs and sharp definition overall, with a few portions of the legends lacking full detail. Subtle shades of gold, sky blue, orange-peach, sea-green, and lavender, appear on the surfaces, enhancing this shilling's tremendous visual appeal. The reverse of this exceptional piece reveals a small dig to the left of the D in ENGLAND, serving as a pedigree marker. This historic piece of Massachusetts silver coinage will be a great addition to a fortunate collector's cabinet. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $82,250.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1652 3PENCE Oak Tree Threepence XF45 NGC. Noe-28, W-310, Salmon 6-B, R.4. 17.6 grains. A nicely centered Choice XF specimen, this piece displays strong definition overall. Both sides reveal attractive shades of gold, silver, pale sea-green, and lavender. This is an earlier die state example, prior to the appearance of a die crack near 3 o'clock on the reverse. Salmon believes this variety was "probably struck nearly concurrently with the twopence, or around 1662." Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $11,750.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1652 3PENCE Oak Tree Threepence XF45 NGC. Noe-28, W-310, Salmon 6-B, R.4. 17.6 grains. A nicely centered Choice XF specimen, this piece displays strong definition overall. Both sides reveal attractive shades of gold, silver, pale sea-green, and lavender. This is an earlier die state example, prior to the appearance of a die crack near 3 o'clock on the reverse. Salmon believes this variety was "probably struck nearly concurrently with the twopence, or around 1662." Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $11,750.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1652 3PENCE Oak Tree Threepence VF35 NGC. Noe-24, W-270, Salmon 2-A, R.6. 17.0 grains. Only the word MASATHVSETS appears around the obverse; no IN is present on this variety. In addition, only the first S is backwards. A lovely Choice VF example, this coin exhibits an off-center strike on both sides, with the tree retaining bold detail. Although the level of definition is not as strong on the central reverse, the date is fully legible. Hues of silver, gray, and gold grace the surfaces. Ex: C.H. Stearns (Mayflower Coin Auctions, Inc., 12/1966), lot 70; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $10,575.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1662 2PENCE Oak Tree Twopence, Small Date AU58 NGC. Noe-29, W-240, Salmon 1-B, High R.4. 10.4 grains. Close examination of this near-Mint specimen reveals touches of gold and orange hues, enhancing the attractiveness of this Small Date variety twopence. The slightly irregularly shaped planchet exhibits a low strike on the obverse, but displays nice centering on the reverse, with most of the pellets at the border remaining. The oak tree is well defined. The twopence coinage was authorized on May 16, 1662, with the requirement that the first year of production must consist of fifty pounds worth of twopence coins for every hundred pounds minted, significantly increasing the amount of time required to strike coinage that year. The Oak Tree twopence is the sole coin in the Massachusetts silver series with a 1662 date. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $10,575.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1662 2PENCE Oak Tree Twopence, Small Date AU58 NGC. Noe-29, W-240, Salmon 1-B, High R.4. 10.4 grains. Close examination of this near-Mint specimen reveals touches of gold and orange hues, enhancing the attractiveness of this Small Date variety twopence. The slightly irregularly shaped planchet exhibits a low strike on the obverse, but displays nice centering on the reverse, with most of the pellets at the border remaining. The oak tree is well defined. The twopence coinage was authorized on May 16, 1662, with the requirement that the first year of production must consist of fifty pounds worth of twopence coins for every hundred pounds minted, significantly increasing the amount of time required to strike coinage that year. The Oak Tree twopence is the sole coin in the Massachusetts silver series with a 1662 date. Ex: Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $10,575.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1652 SHILNG Willow Tree Shilling VF25 NGC. Noe 3-C, W-180, Salmon 3-C, R.6. 72.4 grains. The Noe plate coin. The die alignment is slightly greater than 90 degrees. This is an exceptional example combining light champagne color and rich steel patina on the pewter-gray surfaces. Like all NE and Willow Tree coins, the planchet is imperfectly round, and the coin shows modest-quality workmanship, more an indication of the primitive conditions in 17th century New England than a sign of unskilled production. Design Unlike the threepence and sixpence denominations of Willow Tree coinage, which are each limited to a single die pair, six varieties have been identified for the shilling pieces, the Noe 3-C sharing the same obverse with the 3-D and 3-E varieties. The lack of punctuation after :ANDOM is among the diagnostics for the reverse, which shows the smallest inscription letters of the three reverse varieties. The change from the simple design of the NE series, executed with stamps punched by hand, to the more complex Willow Tree coinage, required the use of hardened steel dies. Historical Observations It is believed the dies were the work of Joseph Jenks, Sr., though that has not been definitively established. The History of Lynn, Essex County, Massachusetts, Including Lynnfield, Saugus, Swampscott, and Nahant, 1629-(1893), published in 1890, reads: {blockquote} "Joseph Jenks- came from Hammersmith, in England. He was a machinist, at the Iron Foundry, and was a man of great genius, of which abundant evidence will be found in this history. He made the dies for coining the first money..." {/blockquote} Another passage, referring to the year 1652, reads: {blockquote}"This year a mint was established at Boston, for coining silver. The pieces had the word Massachusetts, with a pine tree on one side, and the letters N.E. Anno 1652, and III. VI. or XII. Denoting the number of pence, on the other. The dies for this coinage were made by Joseph Jenks, at the Iron Works." {/blockquote} Another reference, the History of the United States Patent Office, in referring to Jenks' numerous inventions, including a much improved scythe for which he was granted exclusive rights in 1646 by the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the invention of a fire engine for Boston in 1654, states: {blockquote}"In 1652, Massachusetts was short of coinage for use in its internal commerce. It decided to coin its own money, despite the fact that the English policy, at least unofficially, prohibited the colonies from coining their own money. Joseph Jenks Sr. was chosen to make the dies for striking the coins. He made dies for threepenny pieces, sixpenny pieces and shillings. They were to be of sterling silver, and by weight were to have five-sixths of the silver weight of the corresponding English coins. This lesser weight would tend to prevent their export from the colony for their silver value. Each was stamped with 'Massachusetts' and a pine tree on one side, and on the other side 'New England, Anno 1652,' together with the number of pence in Roman numerals."{/blockquote} Numismatic Commentary None of the four Willow Tree shillings offered in the October 2005 Ford sale were of the Noe 3-C variety, though two were included in the Hain Family Collection, both listed as Very Fine. Although the shilling is the more common of the three denominations, all Willow Tree specimens are rare, and deserving to be placed in the finest collectors' cabinets. Provenance This example is identified as coin number 15 on plate V in the Noe reference. Like the sixpence, the illustration that Noe used is attributed to a "Mid-West Coin Firm." He gave the additional provenance as "ex Crosby Coll., Haseltine 70th Sale (1883), No. 848. Cf. Ten Eyck Sale (1922), No. 731. Crosby 3dG1." Ex: Sylvester S. Crosby; John W. Haseltine (70th Sale, 1883), lot 848; Ten Eyck Collection (B. Max Mehl, 5/1922), lot 731; Mid-West Coin Firm; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $164,500.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1652 SHILNG Willow Tree Shilling VF25 NGC. Noe 3-C, W-180, Salmon 3-C, R.6. 72.4 grains. The Noe plate coin. The die alignment is slightly greater than 90 degrees. This is an exceptional example combining light champagne color and rich steel patina on the pewter-gray surfaces. Like all NE and Willow Tree coins, the planchet is imperfectly round, and the coin shows modest-quality workmanship, more an indication of the primitive conditions in 17th century New England than a sign of unskilled production. Design Unlike the threepence and sixpence denominations of Willow Tree coinage, which are each limited to a single die pair, six varieties have been identified for the shilling pieces, the Noe 3-C sharing the same obverse with the 3-D and 3-E varieties. The lack of punctuation after :ANDOM is among the diagnostics for the reverse, which shows the smallest inscription letters of the three reverse varieties. The change from the simple design of the NE series, executed with stamps punched by hand, to the more complex Willow Tree coinage, required the use of hardened steel dies. Historical Observations It is believed the dies were the work of Joseph Jenks, Sr., though that has not been definitively established. The History of Lynn, Essex County, Massachusetts, Including Lynnfield, Saugus, Swampscott, and Nahant, 1629-(1893), published in 1890, reads: {blockquote} "Joseph Jenks- came from Hammersmith, in England. He was a machinist, at the Iron Foundry, and was a man of great genius, of which abundant evidence will be found in this history. He made the dies for coining the first money..." {/blockquote} Another passage, referring to the year 1652, reads: {blockquote}"This year a mint was established at Boston, for coining silver. The pieces had the word Massachusetts, with a pine tree on one side, and the letters N.E. Anno 1652, and III. VI. or XII. Denoting the number of pence, on the other. The dies for this coinage were made by Joseph Jenks, at the Iron Works." {/blockquote} Another reference, the History of the United States Patent Office, in referring to Jenks' numerous inventions, including a much improved scythe for which he was granted exclusive rights in 1646 by the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the invention of a fire engine for Boston in 1654, states: {blockquote}"In 1652, Massachusetts was short of coinage for use in its internal commerce. It decided to coin its own money, despite the fact that the English policy, at least unofficially, prohibited the colonies from coining their own money. Joseph Jenks Sr. was chosen to make the dies for striking the coins. He made dies for threepenny pieces, sixpenny pieces and shillings. They were to be of sterling silver, and by weight were to have five-sixths of the silver weight of the corresponding English coins. This lesser weight would tend to prevent their export from the colony for their silver value. Each was stamped with 'Massachusetts' and a pine tree on one side, and on the other side 'New England, Anno 1652,' together with the number of pence in Roman numerals."{/blockquote} Numismatic Commentary None of the four Willow Tree shillings offered in the October 2005 Ford sale were of the Noe 3-C variety, though two were included in the Hain Family Collection, both listed as Very Fine. Although the shilling is the more common of the three denominations, all Willow Tree specimens are rare, and deserving to be placed in the finest collectors' cabinets. Provenance This example is identified as coin number 15 on plate V in the Noe reference. Like the sixpence, the illustration that Noe used is attributed to a "Mid-West Coin Firm." He gave the additional provenance as "ex Crosby Coll., Haseltine 70th Sale (1883), No. 848. Cf. Ten Eyck Sale (1922), No. 731. Crosby 3dG1." Ex: Sylvester S. Crosby; John W. Haseltine (70th Sale, 1883), lot 848; Ten Eyck Collection (B. Max Mehl, 5/1922), lot 731; Mid-West Coin Firm; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $164,500.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1652 6PENCE Willow Tree Sixpence VF25 NGC. Noe 1-A, W-130, Salmon 1-A, R.6. 32.0 grains. The plate coin from the famous 1943 Noe reference, The New England and Willow Tree Coinages of Massachusetts. The die alignment is nearly 360 degrees. A wonderful example, this specimen shows medium gray surfaces with subtle rose toning on the high points, including some design elements, and areas of smoothness on the lightly worn surfaces. A few old surface dents are inconsequential on this rare 17th century New England silver coin. Design A single die pair is known with a rudimentary engraving of a willow tree inside a central circle of dots. The legend IN MASACHVSETS encircles the margin within an outer circle of beads, usually incomplete. The reverse has the date 1652 above the VI denomination within a central beaded circle, the legend NEW ENGLAND ADOM around the margin, within an outer dotted circle, also usually incomplete. Historical Observations An order dated October 19, 1652 was issued, mandating a change in design from the original NE pieces stating (original spelling preserved): "ffor the prevention of washing or Clipping of all such peices of mony as shall be Cojned wthin this Jurisdiction. It is Ordered by this Courte and the Authoritje thereof, that henceforth all peices of mony Cojned as afore sajd shall have a double Ring on either side, with this Inscription- Massachuesetts, and a tree in the Center on the one side, and New England and the yeere of our lord on the other side, according to this draught here in the margent." Numismatic Commentary Noe's census contained ten sixpence examples, with one piece part of the Massachusetts Historical Society collection and another residing at Yale University from the Mabel B. Garvan collection. According to the 2014 Guide Book, there are fourteen known examples of the Willow Tree sixpence today. Our recent offering of The Old New England Collection included an amazing two examples, one displaying Fine Details and the other exhibiting Very Fine Details. In his monograph, Noe writes: {blockquote}"Contrary to what we should expect, the smaller flans for these denominations do not seem to have made their striking any freer from the defects of the shillings. Even when they are worn, however, there is little difficulty in distinguishing the Willow from the Oak Tree sixpences, since with the Oak Tree coins there is always a relationship between the branches and the trunk of the tree, while in the Willow Tree issues all semblance of branches is wanting. Up to the present, but one pair of dies for each denomination has come to our knowledge." {/blockquote} Careful numismatic study over the intervening seven decades confirms a single pair of dies for both the sixpence and threepence Willow Tree coins. Referring to the Willow Tree coinage in the Whitman Encyclopedia of Colonial and Early American Coins, Bowers states, "The tree is amorphous and consists of curls and squiggles rather than a depiction of any particular botanical species." The "identification" of the trees depicted in the various Massachusetts Silver series was not contemporary to the period and was not consistent afterward for two centuries. Noe's research did not locate a reference to the coins of that series as willow trees prior to the sale of the Joseph Mickley collection in 1867. An 1865 catalog description referred to the design as a palmetto tree. Provenance This is a Noe Plate Coin, labeled as coin number 6 on plate VII of The New England and Willow Tree Coinages of Massachusetts, by Sydney P. Noe and published as part of the Numismatic Notes and Monographs series by The American Numismatic Society. Noe identified the source of the illustration as a "Mid-West Coin Firm," sounding much like B.G. Johnson's St. Louis Stamp and Coin Company. Ex: Mid-West Coin Firm; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $64,625.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
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- 1652 6PENCE Willow Tree Sixpence VF25 NGC. Noe 1-A, W-130, Salmon 1-A, R.6. 32.0 grains. The plate coin from the famous 1943 Noe reference, The New England and Willow Tree Coinages of Massachusetts. The die alignment is nearly 360 degrees. A wonderful example, this specimen shows medium gray surfaces with subtle rose toning on the high points, including some design elements, and areas of smoothness on the lightly worn surfaces. A few old surface dents are inconsequential on this rare 17th century New England silver coin. Design A single die pair is known with a rudimentary engraving of a willow tree inside a central circle of dots. The legend IN MASACHVSETS encircles the margin within an outer circle of beads, usually incomplete. The reverse has the date 1652 above the VI denomination within a central beaded circle, the legend NEW ENGLAND ADOM around the margin, within an outer dotted circle, also usually incomplete. Historical Observations An order dated October 19, 1652 was issued, mandating a change in design from the original NE pieces stating (original spelling preserved): "ffor the prevention of washing or Clipping of all such peices of mony as shall be Cojned wthin this Jurisdiction. It is Ordered by this Courte and the Authoritje thereof, that henceforth all peices of mony Cojned as afore sajd shall have a double Ring on either side, with this Inscription- Massachuesetts, and a tree in the Center on the one side, and New England and the yeere of our lord on the other side, according to this draught here in the margent." Numismatic Commentary Noe's census contained ten sixpence examples, with one piece part of the Massachusetts Historical Society collection and another residing at Yale University from the Mabel B. Garvan collection. According to the 2014 Guide Book, there are fourteen known examples of the Willow Tree sixpence today. Our recent offering of The Old New England Collection included an amazing two examples, one displaying Fine Details and the other exhibiting Very Fine Details. In his monograph, Noe writes: {blockquote}"Contrary to what we should expect, the smaller flans for these denominations do not seem to have made their striking any freer from the defects of the shillings. Even when they are worn, however, there is little difficulty in distinguishing the Willow from the Oak Tree sixpences, since with the Oak Tree coins there is always a relationship between the branches and the trunk of the tree, while in the Willow Tree issues all semblance of branches is wanting. Up to the present, but one pair of dies for each denomination has come to our knowledge." {/blockquote} Careful numismatic study over the intervening seven decades confirms a single pair of dies for both the sixpence and threepence Willow Tree coins. Referring to the Willow Tree coinage in the Whitman Encyclopedia of Colonial and Early American Coins, Bowers states, "The tree is amorphous and consists of curls and squiggles rather than a depiction of any particular botanical species." The "identification" of the trees depicted in the various Massachusetts Silver series was not contemporary to the period and was not consistent afterward for two centuries. Noe's research did not locate a reference to the coins of that series as willow trees prior to the sale of the Joseph Mickley collection in 1867. An 1865 catalog description referred to the design as a palmetto tree. Provenance This is a Noe Plate Coin, labeled as coin number 6 on plate VII of The New England and Willow Tree Coinages of Massachusetts, by Sydney P. Noe and published as part of the Numismatic Notes and Monographs series by The American Numismatic Society. Noe identified the source of the illustration as a "Mid-West Coin Firm," sounding much like B.G. Johnson's St. Louis Stamp and Coin Company. Ex: Mid-West Coin Firm; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society. Realized $64,625.00. Description courtesy of Heritage Auctions.
