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- From johnmenc@optonline.net Fri Jan 27 06:06:38 2012
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Date: Fri, 27 Jan 2012 14:06:34 -0000
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From: "colonialjohn" <johnmenc@optonline.net>
Subject: Matthew Boulton & Ormolu - CONFIRMED
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Just to give one secret away on the CNL paper its 100% confirmed. In Wilkip=
edia see Boulton and his association with Ormulu. Its been documented that =
Matthew Boulton has worked with gold amalgams in particular Ormolu. There w=
ill be a SEM microgrpah confirming trace Hg on gold particles on the 1806 G=
old Gilt Proof (impaired) Penny. XRF analyses has also indicated mercury so=
at this point it seems its the common vehicle to carry tin, silver and gol=
d metal OVER a coins surface. Not every time as their may be other applicat=
ion methods - but this seems to be the predominant one. This process goes b=
ack all the way to Roman Coinage and the fourees. See here:
http://rg.ancients.info/fourees/
See Ormulu below:
Ormolu /ˈɔrməluː/ (from French or moulu, signifying gro=
und or pounded gold) is an 18th-century English term for applying finely gr=
ound, high-karat gold in a mercury amalgam to an object of bronze. The merc=
ury is driven off in a kiln (leaving behind a gold-colored veneer). The Fre=
nch refer to this technique as bronze dor=E9; in English, it is known as "g=
ilt bronze".
The manufacture of true ormolu employs a process known as mercury-gilding o=
r fire-gilding, in which a solution of nitrate of mercury is applied to a p=
iece of copper, brass, or bronze, followed by the application of an amalgam=
of gold and mercury. The item was then exposed to extreme heat until the m=
ercury burned off and the gold remained, adhered to the metal object.
Due to exposure to the harmful mercury fumes, most gilders did not survive =
beyond 40 years of age.
Hang him; a gilder that hath his brains perished with quicksilver is not mo=
re cold in the liver
=97The White Devil, John Webster
No true ormolu was produced in France after around 1830 because legislation=
had outlawed the use of mercury. Therefore, other techniques were used ins=
tead but nothing surpasses the original mercury-firing ormolu method for sh=
eer beauty and richness of colour.
In silver wash methods one common method is chloride salts of silver, lead,=
and tin.
See here:
http://www.deepfield.com/anoot/essay/silverwash.html
This is confimed in some XRF analyses with lead and tin. Unfortunately XRF =
can not detect compounds below atomic number Carbon 14 and Halogens like ch=
lorine (chlorides), but SEM can detect oxygen, chlorine (chlorides) and oth=
er lighter elements. If you are dealing with a silver wash process chloride=
s (chlorine) should not be considered an inorganic outside debri element.
The CNL paper will explore/define/portray this mercury/gold amalgam via Bo=
ulton and this confirmed SOHO 1806 coin product using Ormolu.
JPL
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