1893 10c

CPG Values (What is CPG?)

Grade CPG Value
AG3 $4.73
G4 $8.10
G6 $9.45
VG8 $12.15
VG10 $16.20
F12 $21.60
F15 $25.65
VF20 $32.40
VF25 $33.75
VF30 $36.45
VF35 $40.50
XF40 $58.00
XF45 $65.00
AU50 $81.00
AU53 $90.00
AU55 $108.00
AU58 $122.00
MS60 $143.00
MS61 $156.00
MS62 $182.00
MS63 $260.00
MS64 $422.00
MS65 $960.00
MS66 $1,220.00
MS67 $6,880.00
AG3 CAC $5.67
G4 CAC $9.72
G6 CAC $11.34
VG8 CAC $14.58
VG10 CAC $19.44
F12 CAC $25.92
F15 CAC $30.78
VF20 CAC $38.88
VF25 CAC $40.50
VF30 CAC $43.74
VF35 CAC $48.60
XF40 CAC $70.00
XF45 CAC $78.00
AU50 CAC $97.00
AU53 CAC $109.00
AU55 CAC $130.00
AU58 CAC $140.00
MS60 CAC $172.00
MS61 CAC $187.00
MS62 CAC $218.00
MS63 CAC $312.00
MS64 CAC $507.00
MS65 CAC $1,150.00
MS66 CAC $1,500.00
MS67 CAC $8,120.00

Apr Data

Auction House Description Grade Sell Price Sell Date
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-62 (PCGS). 62 $192 08/22/24
1893 10C MS62 PCGS. CAC. PCGS Population: (62/219). NGC Census: (45/177). CDN: $140 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS MS62. Mintage 3 62 $210 02/20/23
1893 10C MS62 PCGS. PCGS Population: (54/196). NGC Census: (44/171). CDN: $130 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS MS62. M 62 $114 01/23/18
1893 10C MS62 PCGS. PCGS Population (49/203). NGC Census: (44/181). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem f 62 $176 06/02/15
1893 10C MS62 PCGS. PCGS Population (42/166). NGC Census: (39/171). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem f 62 $282 10/02/12
1893 10C MS62 PCGS. PCGS Population (38/164). NGC Census: (35/153). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for NGC/PCGS 62 $140 01/11/09
1893 10c PCGS MS62 62 $184 01/02/06
HA 1893 10C MS62 PCGS. Blushes of orange, aqua-marine, and 62 $135 03/29/04
HA 1893 MS62 PCGS. 62 $138 07/15/03
HA 1893 10C MS62 PCGS. The otherwise frosty textured 62 $167 06/10/02
HA 1893 10C 62 $138 01/06/01
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-66 (PCGS). 66 $2,040 08/15/24
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. Gold CAC. PCGS Population: (21/6 and 3/2+). NGC Census: (17/4 and 0/0+). CDN: $950 Whsle. Bid for NGC/P 66 $5,160 06/12/23
1893 10c PCGS MS66 66 $1,000 05/23/22
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. PCGS Population: (21/6). NGC Census: (16/4). CDN: $950 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS MS66. Mintage 3,340,792. 66 $1,080 03/21/22
1893 10c PCGS/CAC MS66 66 $1,150 03/29/21
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. PCGS Population: (23/6). NGC Census: (16/4). CDN: $950 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS MS66. Mintage 3,340,792. 66 $840 12/31/19
10C 1893 PCGS MS66 CAC 66 $1,292 12/12/19
1893 Barber Dime. MS-66 (PCGS). 66 $1,440 08/13/19
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. PCGS Population: (28/6). NGC Census: (16/5). CDN: $950 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS MS66. Minta 66 $822 07/14/19
1893 10c PCGS/CAC MS66 66 $1,000 02/11/19
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. CAC. PCGS Population: (23/4). NGC Census: (16/5). CDN: $950 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS MS66. 66 $1,140 01/13/19
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. PCGS Population: (26/3). NGC Census: (16/4). CDN: $975 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS MS66. Minta 66 $900 01/07/18
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. CAC. PCGS Population: (25/3). NGC Census: (16/4). CDN: $1,000 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS MS66 66 $1,080 11/04/17
1893 10c PCGS/CAC MS66 66 $1,200 08/28/17
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. CAC. 66 $940 08/02/17
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. PCGS Population: (29/2). NGC Census: (16/4). CDN: $1,200 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS MS66. Min 66 $999 07/04/17
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. CAC. 66 $999 06/11/17
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. 66 $940 04/30/17
1893 10C MS66+ PCGS. 66 $1,998 01/09/17
1893 10c PCGS MS66 66 $1,250 09/05/16
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. CAC. 66 $1,175 06/12/16
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. CAC. 66 $1,200 01/11/16
David Lawrence Rare Coins 1893 10c 66 $1,300 02/08/15
David Lawrence Rare Coins 1893 10c 66 $1,635 01/25/15
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. 66 $2,115 01/12/14
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. CAC. 66 $1,495 01/09/11
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. 66 $1,380 01/10/10
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. 66 $1,725 05/31/09
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. CAC. 66 $1,840 05/03/09
1893 10C MS66 PCGS. CAC. 66 $2,760 01/11/09
HA 1893 10C MS66 PCGS. This is a sensational example of an otherwise common date, very seldom encountered in such fine quality 66 $2,530 01/07/06
Superior 1893 10c 66 $3,105 01/02/06
HA 1893 10C MS66 PCGS. Intricately detailed beneath rich, concentric shades of burnt-orange, violet, and turquoise that lighte 66 $1,495 06/03/05
1893 10c PCGS MS66 66 $2,875 05/09/05
HA 1893 10C MS66 PCGS. Razor sharp detail is visible beneath rich accents of magenta, golden-brown, and cobalt-blue. A few mi 66 $1,552 05/07/05
HA 1893 10C MS66 PCGS. 66 $1,840 11/06/04
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. CAC. PCGS Population: (44/27). NGC Census: (45/21). CDN: $750 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS MS65. Mintage 3,3 65 $780 04/08/24
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. Rose, gold, sea-green, and lavender hues adorn satiny luster throughout this Gem 1893 Barber dime. The 65 $1,560 03/21/22
1893 10C MS65 PCGS Secure. CAC. PCGS Population: (43/30 and 2/12+). NGC Census: (44/21 and 0/0+). CDN: $750 Whsle. Bid for 65 $1,440 09/08/19
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. PCGS Population: (43/31). NGC Census: (43/20). CDN: $650 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS MS65. Min 65 $881 08/06/17
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. PCGS Population (39/43). NGC Census: (42/25). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fre 65 $764 05/01/16
1893 10c PCGS/CAC MS65 - No Reserve! 65 $600 09/28/15
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. CAC. 65 $920 10/16/11
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. PCGS Population (36/33). NGC Census: (49/20). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fre 65 $690 02/08/11
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. PCGS Population (37/21). NGC Census: (47/21). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fre 65 $690 09/26/10
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. CAC. 65 $690 12/06/09
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. PCGS Population (33/34). NGC Census: (41/18). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for NGC/PCGS co 65 $805 01/11/09
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. 65 $805 04/19/08
1893 10C MS65 PCGS. 65 $862 04/19/08
American Numismatic Rarities 1893 10c 65 $1,495 08/11/06
HA 1893 10C MS65 PCGS. Sharply struck, with golden-gray and cobalt-blue toning that is heavier on the reverse. The obverse sho 65 $719 12/14/05
HA 1893 10C MS65 PCGS. 65 $730 01/17/05
HA 1893 10C 65 $706 11/02/99
1893 10C MS64 PCGS. PCGS Population: (76/71). NGC Census: (59/66). CDN: $340 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS MS64. Mintage 3,340,79 64 $384 02/20/24
1893 10C MS64 PCGS. CAC. PCGS Population: (70/73). NGC Census: (61/63). CDN: $325 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS MS64. Mintage 3,3 64 $432 02/25/20
1893 10C MS64 PCGS Gold Shield. PCGS Population: (69/70 and 2/17+). NGC Census: (60/63 and 0/0+). CDN: $300 Whsle. Bid for 64 $336 02/12/19
10C 1893 PCGS MS64 64 $1,000 08/17/16
1893 10C MS64 PCGS. CAC. PCGS Population (60/86). NGC Census: (60/68). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for proble 64 $329 10/27/15
1893 10C MS64 PCGS. PCGS Population (60/81). NGC Census: (60/68). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fre 64 $341 08/18/15
1893 10C MS64 PCGS. PCGS Population (58/66). NGC Census: (57/67). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fre 64 $529 07/13/14
1893 10C MS64+ PCGS. PCGS Population (57/62). NGC Census: (57/67). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 64 $441 03/02/14
1893 10C MS64 PCGS. PCGS Population (55/63). NGC Census: (57/66). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fre 64 $329 07/14/13
1893 10C MS64 PCGS. PCGS Population (47/59). NGC Census: (50/59). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for NGC/PCGS co 64 $299 05/31/09
1893 10c PCGS MS64 64 $311 07/23/07
1893 10C MS64 PCGS. PCGS Population (49/52). NGC Census: (48/59). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price: $280. (#4800) 64 $322 02/19/07
HA 1893 10C MS64 PCGS. Well struck with numerous small die clash marks on both sides. The obverse has a light spray of rose to 64 $253 11/05/05
HA 1893 10C MS64 PCGS. Pop: (P 43/44, N 46/62). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price: $232. 64 $310 09/26/05
HA 1893 10C MS64 PCGS. Rose and aqua-marine colors 64 $247 03/29/04
HA 1893 10C 64 $207 10/04/00
10C 1893 PCGS MS67+ CAC 67 $15,275 04/27/23
1893 10C MS67 PCGS. 67 $4,800 02/24/21
1893 Barber Dime. MS-67 (PCGS). 67 $4,800 08/13/19
10C 1893 PCGS MS67+ CAC 67 $17,625 05/17/18
1893 10C MS67 PCGS. 67 $7,200 09/07/17
1893 10C MS67+ PCGS. CAC. 67 $8,812 01/11/16
1893 Barber Dime. MS-67 (PCGS). CAC. 67 $11,162 10/02/15
1893 10C MS67 PCGS. 67 $7,638 04/26/15
1893 10C MS67 PCGS. CAC. 67 $8,225 01/12/15
10C 1893 PCGS MS67+ CAC EX SIMPSON 67 $12,925 12/18/14
1893 10C MS67 PCGS. 67 $15,275 08/10/13
1893 Barber Dime. AU-58 (PCGS). OGH. 58 $192 03/28/23
1893 10c PCGS AU58 58 $281 08/17/20
1893 10C AU58 PCGS. CAC. PCGS Population: (48/279 and 0/10+). NGC Census: (30/233 and 0/0+). CDN: $90 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PC 58 $109 02/04/20
1893 10C AU58 PCGS. PCGS Population: (46/279). NGC Census: (29/235). CDN: $90 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS AU58. Mi 58 $168 06/11/19
1893 10C AU58 PCGS. CAC. PCGS Population (37/229). NGC Census: (23/227). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for 58 $135 11/05/13
1893 10C AU58 PCGS. PCGS Population (33/213). NGC Census: (20/220). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem f 58 $132 10/25/11
1893 10c PCGS XF40 40 $80 11/29/21
1893 10C MS63 PCGS. PCGS Population: (71/145). NGC Census: (52/124). CDN: $200 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS MS63. Mintage 3,340, 63 $312 10/17/20
1893 10C MS63 PCGS. PCGS Population: (63/134). NGC Census: (51/122). MS63. Mintage 3,340,792. 63 $300 03/06/18
1893 10C MS63 PCGS. PCGS Population: (62/133). NGC Census: (50/121). CDN: $155 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS MS63. M 63 $156 08/29/17
1893 10C MS63 PCGS. PCGS Population (59/119). NGC Census: (52/124). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem f 63 $229 09/02/14
1893 10C MS63 PCGS. PCGS Population (58/117). NGC Census: (52/124). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem f 63 $266 02/05/14
1893 10C MS63 PCGS. CAC. PCGS Population (57/118). NGC Census: (51/123). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for prob 63 $288 10/01/13
1893 10C MS63 PCGS. PCGS Population (55/99). NGC Census: (45/119). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 63 $276 03/28/10
HA 1893 10C MS63 PCGS, appearing finer than the stated grade, 63 $299 09/28/02
HA 1893 10C 63 $138 03/14/99
HA 1893 10C 63 $154 09/21/96
1893 10C AU55 PCGS. PCGS Population: (20/306). NGC Census: (10/257). CDN: $80 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS AU55. Mi 55 $168 08/07/18
1893 10C Barber Dime -- Obverse Die Cap, Brockage Reverse -- AU55 PCGS. 55 $11,750 01/11/16
1893 10C AU55 PCGS. PCGS Population (12/278). NGC Census: (6/253). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 55 $88 06/10/14
1893 10C XF45 PCGS. PCGS Population (5/271). NGC Census: (1/248). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fre 45 $79 07/31/12
1893 10C Fine 12 PCGS. PCGS Population (1/269). NGC Census: (0/244). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem 12 $18 07/26/11
HA 1893 10C 4 $11 09/26/00
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-67 (NGC). 67 $4,320 03/27/24
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-67 (NGC). 67 $5,405 06/01/16
HA 1893 10C MS67 NGC. CAC. 67 $4,700 10/27/14
HA 1893 10C MS67 NGC. 67 $7,344 04/27/14
HA 1893 10C MS67 NGC. 67 $3,738 01/15/05
HA 1893 10C MS67 ★ NGC. A date that is readily obtainable 67 $7,475 08/21/04
HA 1893 10C 67 $1,898 04/07/01
HA 1893 10C MS66★ NGC. NGC Census: (17/4 and 1/1*). PCGS Population: (21/6 and 1/1*). CDN: $950 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS 66 $1,740 11/19/23
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-66 (NGC). 66 $1,080 12/17/20
HA 1893 10C MS66+★ NGC. 66 $1,980 09/05/19
HA 1893 10C MS66+ ★ NGC. 66 $2,040 12/13/18
HA 1893 10C MS66 NGC. NGC Census: (17/4). PCGS Population: (27/3). CDN: $1,000 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCGS MS66. Mint 66 $1,020 04/29/18
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-66 (PCGS). CAC--Gold Label. 66 $3,525 11/06/15
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-66 (NGC). CAC--Gold Label. OH. 66 $6,169 06/27/14
HA 1893 10C MS66 NGC. CAC. 66 $2,585 11/16/13
HA 1893 10C MS66 NGC. CAC. 66 $1,410 04/28/13
HA 1893 10C MS66 ★ NGC. 66 $4,700 01/14/13
HA 1893 10C MS66 NGC. CAC. 66 $1,211 06/02/08
Stacks Bowers 1893 10c 66 $1,150 11/13/07
David Lawrence Rare Coins 1893 10c NGC MS66 66 $1,150 03/20/06
HA 1893 10C MS66 NGC. This second year issue is fairly obtainable in lesser Mint State grades, but only a handful of examples 66 $1,150 07/30/05
HA 1893 10C MS66 NGC. Rich golden-brown, electric-blue, and mauve-red colors dominate the borders but partially cede to lilac- 66 $932 06/03/05
HA 1893 10C MS66 NGC. Bright and completely untoned with a 66 $949 01/11/03
HA 1893 10C MS61 NGC. NGC Census: (15/221). PCGS Population: (4/280). CDN: $120 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS MS61. Mintage 3,340,79 61 $139 10/11/22
HA 1893 10C MS61 NGC. NGC Census: (10/210). PCGS Population (4/209). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fre 61 $135 12/02/12
David Lawrence Rare Coins 1893 10c NGC MS61 61 $109 04/16/09
HA 1893 10C MS61 NGC. NGC Census: (8/182). PCGS Population (4/184). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price: $146. (#4800) 61 $150 01/08/07
David Lawrence Rare Coins 1893 10c NGC MS61 61 $121 02/07/05
HA 1893 10C 61 $130 11/06/01
David Lawrence Rare Coins 1893 10c NGC AU58 58 $170 05/16/22
HA 1893 10C AU58 NGC. NGC Census: (23/237). PCGS Population (39/263). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 58 $112 06/09/15
HA 1893 10C AU58 NGC. NGC Census: (16/215). PCGS Population (29/222). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 58 $126 02/15/11
HA 1893 10C AU58 NGC. NGC Census: (17/215). PCGS Population (29/223). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 58 $126 01/18/11
HA 1893 10C AU58 NGC. NGC Census: (15/196). PCGS Population (28/213). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for NGC/PCGS c 58 $104 06/01/08
HA 1893 10C AU58 NGC. Silver-gray surfaces retain considerable luster and display golden-tan patina around portions of the per 58 $126 01/28/06
HA 1893 10C AU58 NGC. This is an attractive coin for the grad 58 $106 02/24/02
HA 1893 10C MS65 NGC. NGC Census: (44/20). PCGS Population: (44/28). CDN: $750 Whsle. Bid for NGC/PCGS MS65. Mintage 3,340,792 65 $900 05/18/21
HA 1893 10C MS65 NGC. NGC Census: (47/22). PCGS Population (39/39). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem free 65 $564 01/12/15
HA 1893 10C MS65 NGC. NGC Census: (47/20). PCGS Population (37/30). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem free 65 $575 01/09/11
HA 1893 10C MS65 NGC. NGC Census: (47/21). PCGS Population (37/22). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem free 65 $575 09/26/10
HA 1893 10C MS65 NGC. 65 $805 02/16/08
HA 1893 10C MS65 NGC. Cobalt-blue, lavender, and gray patination on the obverse yields to a dominance of cobalt-blue sprinkled 65 $719 07/08/06
HA 1893 10C MS65 NGC. Well struck with absolutely marvelous original toning on both sides, very rich and dark near the periphe 65 $805 05/07/05
HA 1893 10C MS65 NGC. 65 $805 11/06/04
HA 1893 10C MS65 NGC. While some numismatists may find the 65 $805 09/11/04
HA 1893 10C 65 $207 06/10/00
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-62 (NGC). 62 $156 12/21/20
HA 1893 10C MS62 Prooflike NGC. NGC Census: (43/174). PCGS Population: (56/202). CDN: $150 Whsle. Bid for problem-free NGC/PCG 62 $336 11/13/18
HA 1893 10C MS62 NGC. NGC Census: (43/176). PCGS Population (45/177). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 62 $176 02/04/14
HA 1893 10C MS62 NGC. NGC Census: (40/173). PCGS Population (43/173). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 62 $129 04/09/13
HA 1893 10C MS62 NGC. NGC Census: (38/169). PCGS Population (38/165). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 62 $172 03/22/11
HA 1893 10C MS62 NGC. NGC Census: (37/168). PCGS Population (38/168). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 62 $150 10/31/10
HA 1893 10C MS62 NGC. NGC Census: (36/164). PCGS Population (38/164). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 62 $196 05/18/10
HA 1893 10C MS62 NGC. NGC Census: (35/151). PCGS Population (39/178). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for NGC/PCGS c 62 $138 05/04/08
HA 1893 MS62 NGC. 62 $129 08/12/03
HA 1893 10C AU55 NGC. NGC Census: (8/259). PCGS Population (14/308). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fre 55 $69 04/12/16
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-64+ (NGC). 64 $1,528 07/20/15
HA 1893 10C 64 $175 03/27/01
HA 1893 10C MS63 NGC. NGC Census: (51/127). PCGS Population (59/147). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 63 $164 06/02/15
HA 1893 10C MS63 NGC. NGC Census: (50/121). PCGS Population (56/112). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 63 $183 10/21/12
HA 1893 10C MS63 NGC. NGC Census: (50/121). PCGS Population (57/109). Mintage: 3,340,792. Numismedia Wsl. Price for problem fr 63 $188 08/05/12
Stacks Bowers 1893 Barber Dime. MS-63 (NGC). 63 $208 11/09/10
David Lawrence Rare Coins 1893 10c NGC MS63 63 $138 02/19/07
David Lawrence Rare Coins 1893 10c NGC MS63 63 $224 03/06/05
HA 1893 10C Barber Dime--Rotated Dies--Good 4 NGC. 4 $86 02/13/05
NNP Encyclopedia data is provided in cooperation of Collectibles Technology Corporation (CTC) and CDN Publishing, LLC. NNP assumes no liability or accuracy of this data.

NNP is 100% non-profit and independent